«OTCHYZNA» («FATHERLAND»), «OICHYZNA» («HOMELAND») IN UKRAINIAN WRITTEN SOURCES OF EARLY MODERN ERA

Abstract

The article analyses the words otchyzna (fatherland), oichyzna (homeland) to denote ‘native land’ and ‘patria ’, the phrase otchyzna nebesnaia (fatherland heavenly) «Kingdom of Heaven» in dictionaries and texts of the 17^th century. The experience of studying the word / concept / notion / term otchyzna (father­land) is characterized according to the historical and philosophical works, research in cognitive linguistics, linguocultural studies. The conclusion about the latent ethnomynicity and semantic hybridity of the concept of otchyzna (fatherland) is confirmed. The meaning of the word otchyzna (fatherland) ‘native land’, which denotes the personal, individual space of the subject, otchyzna (fatherland), oichyzna (homeland) ‘patria’ as a collective-social, interpersonal space for the people who inhabit it. The first of them is associa­ted with the use of Ukrainian nouns zemlia (land), rod (family), dom ottsa (fa­ther's house), pronoun adjective moia (my), adjective vlasnyi (own). Concep­tual features specify the place of birth of the subject, parental home, family. side, to society /people. The word otchyzna fatherland) ‘patria ’ is combined with the attributes of nasha (our), mylaia (dear), functions in a constant ex­pression za chest bozhuiu (for the honour of God), za viru sviatuiu (for the holy faith), zа otchyznu myluiu (for the dear homeland), combined with predi­cates of urodyla (she gave birth to someone), vykhovala (she brought up some­one), oboimuiet (she embraces someone), creating a metaphorical series that correlates with the image of the mother. In this sense, dom otchyznyi (father­land's house), otchyzny dom (fatherland's house), oichyzna (homeland) (the latter - in the first half of the 17^th century) are also used. The perception of otchyzna (fatherland) as a territory to be protected is represented in the se­mantic relations of "steadily fulfilling one's civic duty to the fatherland" slu- zhyty otchyzni (to serve the fatherland); "to be faithful, devoted to the father­land" virne sluzhyty (to serve faithfully); "it is necessary to defend the home­land" otchyznu boronyty (to defend the homeland), prolyvaty krov (to shed blood), "civic duty dominates personal values". Conceptual features are ver­balized as «volnost otchyzny» («freedom of the fatherland»), «tsilisnist otchyzny» («the integrity of the fatherland»), «pozhytechnist nauky dlia otchyzny» («the usefulness of science for the fatherland»), «liubov otchyzny» («the love of the fatherland»), defined as the collective and social values of Ukrainians of the 17^th century.