HISTORICAL NAMES OF COMMUNICATION ROUTES IN KHARKIV REGION

Abstract

Background. In the article the author analyzes the structural and semantic features of historical microtoponyms denoting the communication routes in Kharkiv region. Historical, geographical, military-topographical, statistical-written texts of the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries were studied, in which more than 130 microtoponyms were identified.

Methods. As a result of the study, using descriptive, structural and textual analysis methods, it was found that the creative basis for propriety for designating communication routes are the appellatives road, tract, path, highway, path, ford, railway, transportation, crossing, stile, run, sakma.

Results. It was found that the most productive of geographical terms are the appellatives road and tract, which became the basis for the creation of 63 and 26 small geographical names, respectively. From a structural point of view, two-component, three-component, prepositional constructions and descriptive formations are distinguished among the analyzed microtoponyms. Within the framework of compound names, the model "geographic term + dependent component" is productive, in which the attributive element indicates the oikonymic, hydronymic, toponymic origin, the size or shape of the object, the type of communication, the time of occurrence, the type of vegetation, the characteristics of the soil of the corresponding object, the social status, the relationship of a certain tribe or ethnic group to the named object, the person named by the anthroponym. A small number of constructions with the prepositions pry, u, na, po were characterized, with the first of which the largest number of units was recorded and which indicates that the object is in close proximity to another. A small number of descriptive formations are also presented, formed according to five models, the most productive of which is “preposition + noun + preposition + noun + preposition + noun”. Structural models of microtoponyms that are unproductive in the territory of the Sloboda Ukraine region are outlined.

Conclusions. It was established semantics of core words and attributive components and structural models of microtoponyms.